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Saturday
5 September 1998

Victoria Concert Hall
Symphonic Splendour
Heinrich SCHWEIZER (b.1943) "Symphony" No.3 """The Singaporean""" - 3rd, 4th and 5th movements ("World Premiere")
FRANZ SCHUBERT Symphony No.8 in B minor, D759 "Unfinished" (1822)
PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY Symphony No.6 in B minor, Op.74 "Pathétique"

Bart FOLSE conductor

OVERALL NOISE RATING: 5 (As usual, the "Pathétique" is always the victim of noise, this time, right at the very end. Heard as the SSO faded away into oblivion: cough cough, rustle crumple rustle, and then the slip-thud of a dropped programme booklet. Besides this, more coughing, beeping and fidgeting. Also, sigh [of boredom?] and yawn during Schubert. Oh yeah, on Friday night the suits clapped after the third movement of the Tchaikovsky. Surprise surprise.)

The Noise Rating Index is a partially-objective measurement of pager and handphone blasts, 9pm and 10pm watch beeps, coughing-during-the-pianissimo-bits, intra-audience conversation and other mind-bogglingly inept noises emitted in the concert hall during actual performance of music. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 5, in increasing annoyance.

This review has been kindly sponsored by the Singapore Symphonia Co. Ltd


by Chia Han-Leon

The highlight of the evening was probably Swiss composer Heinrich Schweizer's Symphony No.3, entitled "The Singaporean".

Yeah, right.

I confess with no qualms that I had serious doubts even before hearing the work - how can a Swiss composer possibly write a "Singaporean" Symphony, considering the vast differences between the two cultures, as well as the fact that Singapore does not possess an indigenous culture (not borrowed from our individual Asian roots)? The excuse offered in the programme notes - that Mendelssohn could write an "Italian Symphony" and Ravel a Rhapsodie Espagnol - is very inadequate. Italy and Spain have a gigantic cultural legacy spanning thousands of years which anyone can easily identify and extract musical material and inspiration from. (And some will even tell you that Mendelssohn's "Italian" doesn't really seem that Italian anyway). For an infant "culture" like Singapore, there is simply no basis for comparison. (And what audacity to compare Mendelssohn and Ravel to this...)

So did I identify with the "The Singaporean"? Absolutely definitely not - either the work is not "Singaporean" or I'm not Singaporean (something which I once believed). The third movement is subtitled "Symphonic sketch on Sri Chinmoy's song ''Singapore'". Again I admit I have not the curiosity nor faith to go find out who this "philosopher", Sri Chinmoy, is and the programme notes are exasperatingly clueless, not to mention cryptic: "Schweizer is a student of Sri Chinmoy's philosophy, engaging in a technique known as "Silent Meditation". And? (Is there such a thing as "noisy meditation"?)

Yes, yes, as a music reviewer and a literature student I ought to go find out who this Chinmoy person is, but after reading the words of the song (written by Chinmoy) of which this third movement is based, I decided not to bother.

[12/9/98] OK, but I eventually did try to find out who Sri Chinmoy is, so I was advised by my fellow writers. "Sri Chinmoy claims he has performed amazing paranormal feats, that he knows what happens to our souls when we die, and that he is a fully realised spiritual master (God realised). Sri Chinmoy is perhaps the world's most extraordinary and colourful spiritual leader, and he writes with authority about death and reincarnation. He is regarded highly by many world leaders, and he is a leading advocate for world peace. Sri Chinmoy is also a musician and a prolific author and artist." (from The Sect of Sri Chinmoy Kumar Ghose webpage). Well, the reader can make his/her own judgements on that.

As for me - big deal. No matter how "famous" a person is, it does not mean he is beyond criticism. All of us criticise anyone from famous writers to musicians to politicians to gods everyday. Likewise, just because we suddenly have a "Singaporean" Symphony does not mean it will or must be "Singaporean". I criticise Sri Chinmoy specifically on account of this verse which is, in my opinion, of poor taste. I didn't study literary criticism for nothing. I repeat: this is my opinion and you need not agree. I take personal offence at its forced rhyming and awkward construction, superficial use of imagery and crude sentimentalist view of Singapore and Singaporeans (similar allegations for the "symphony"):

Singapore, Singapore, O Singapore.
Power and beauty's splendour shore.

O bold lion strength. O swift deer speed.
Curiosity world you gloriously feed.

Free is your duty's service delight.
Sure is your giant confidence height.


GOOD GRIEF - I hope no one turns this into another NDP song (I'm currently very happy with Kit Chan, and I can't stand most of the other songs). I was writing better than this when I was 10 years-old; and how much more pathetic can that rhyming be? "Swift deer speed"? Have we reached Mandai Road or something? Perhaps "Free is your duty's service delight" should be re-written as "Duty-Free Service is your delight" to make it much much more "Singaporean"?

Orchestration of a song? What is this 3-minute murmuring thing with a hint of Berliozian colour and (much to the Inkpot Sibelius Nutcase's surprise) Sibelian string-writing got to do with being "Singaporean"? That rattling woodblock in the background? I heard no shore, no lion and certainly no deer (not that I should, but you get my point); curious I am indeed - what is this "Silent Meditation"? - something certain people should do more instead of writing pastiche in the name of another culture?

The fourth movement is called "Orchid Paradise" - a "musical homage to the orchid", a plant for whom the composer claims to admire. OK, the music is like somewhat assymetrical (or if you prefer: murmuring purposelessly), full of short half-themes which never actually turn into anything melodically substantial (read that again, it's going to be my best compliment about the composer). But overall, Schweizer's mumbling use of the orchestral timbral and registral range is deliberately limited - everyone's playing near the safety net of the staff. Flat, flat, flat.

The final movement is a "potpourri on four Singaporean songs", including Stand Up for Singapore (which deservingly remains one of the most popular among many re-arrangers). So what do you do with a melody that everyone already knows very well? You break it up using a "variation technique" - that's right, just like an exercise. The result: brass intoning intermittent belches of the familiar tune supported below by string ostinati, the obligatory percussion tappity-tap and some countermelody here and there. All very pretty yes, but I still see nothing "Singaporean" about it. In fact, there were even snatches of Leroy Anderson and English folkishness.

Overall the predominance of the main "tunes" in the winds gave the impression that the work was a band composition superimposed over a string orchestra. Schweizer does demonstrate a degree of symphonic thinking, especially with regards to the smooth angularity of the score's architecture occuring throughout the three movements, but it is at best thin, too timid to attempt development. But there we have it - so what? What in empty technique conveys "Singaporean-ness"? The end result is no more than a well-wrought pastiche, except that very few of the individual elements were recognisable to this reviewer. Faceless like a Shenton Way crowd.

Even if the composer appears to own some skill in handling his material, the fact that he has allowed the work to be played incomplete (3rd-5th movements, lasting 15 minutes total) speaks of a disregard for the concept of a (multi-movement) symphony. (The first two movements have been performed here before, and apparently involve traditional Asian instruments). A symphony, being an argument, is meaningless if presented half-baked. Either this, or Schweizer's work is not really a symphony - it is at best a suite of ideas not necessarily comprising a symphonic argument (see next paragraph). In fact, come to think of it, nowhere is it said that the fifth movement is the last (what a horrible thought).

"SingaporeAN"? If Mr Schweizer had perhaps called this a "Suite - Impressions of Singapore", I would not be so scathing about it. But to call it "Singaporean" is either convenient name-labelling without trying to really get to the essence of our culture (if this can be done), or that we Singaporeans are empty vessels unresistant to any cheapskate and patronising attempt to portray us in music and poetry. This is not only arrogant, but presumptious to the extreme. Just watch the composer stride onto stage at the first hint of applause (I refused to clap) as if he had already expected and planned the ovation and bouquet. Pathetic. We should not allow anyone, composer or philosopher, with no "credentials" as a Singaporean to think he can just nonchalantly tell us (musically, poetically or otherwise) who we are (or ought to be). This is no different from colonisation - cultural imperialism. Music may be a universal language, but no one said that language is a universal music.

Well, I say it now (if you haven't got my drift), employing my right as a full-time Singaporean with all my abbreviations, certificates, culinary biases and completed NS: I hate this piece; for a symphony, it fails; for a work claiming to be "The Singaporean", it sucks; for a work attempting to depict "The Singaporean" people, it is an utter insult to us.

"The idiom of Schweizer's music is fundamentally tonal and intentionally meant to be very approachable for the audience." So we're too dumb to appreciate deep art? Are our standards of living so high now we can no longer feel, or need, passion or pain? I'd trade all the tonality Mr Schweizer intends to write for one dissonant chord by Beethoven. (By the way, I was still playing with the NUS Symphony Orchestra when we premiered his Alphorn Concerto some years back. Boy, maybe this guy has problems selling his cheese back home?).

The irony of it all is this: the overwhelmingly unfavourable reaction at this piece (I'm no longer just talking about my opinion) actually made me (us) feel more "Singaporean", in a defensive way, like when Ang Mos come down here and say we dress like barbarians. Meanwhile, I continue to wait for our Shostakovich, Gershwin, Sibelius and/or Elgar. Preferably with a pink IC.


Franz Schubert After listening to two-thirds of a "symphony", we went on to another half... Schubert's "Unfinished" has been the target of more than a few jokes, often as disguises for criticism against its many "weaknesses". Chief of these is probably its alleged repetitiveness (or as we say, being too lor sor), and resulting difficulty to sustain either symphonic development - or audience attention.

The SSO was generally in good form; indeed, I don't recall ever hearing the wind choir "so much" in tune (as opposed to the same performers' rendition of Mendelssohn's Midsummer recently). Associate Conductor Bart Folse took a very "quiet" (or perhaps "musing") view of the work. In moments of serenity, the result is very beautiful. The reverse side of this is reflected in the lack of weight throughout the symphony, sounding at worst emaciated, at best delicate. This then is a very daring view of the work, and Folse deserves credit for convincing the SSO to go through with such an interpretation.

The dangers are still there: everything gets a little draggy, even drowsy. The accusation of the "Unfinished" as "boring" becomes pretty real. Momentum is not always achieved, and where it is felt, it comes in spurts and is not sustained. This is partly the result, I think, of Folse's style of conducting - disciplined and simple, not indulgent, but with contrasting episodes of hard, almost punishing drama; pushing, but not impulsive. Overall he comes across as orderly (perhaps also a little monochrome), with passages of energy, but not flashy.

On the other hand, he holds the tutti pauses uncomfortably long, like sighing until one has no more breath and sighing some more. Also, Folse's direction of the SSO has so far been consistent in one thing: it can be delicate, but it lacks that last touch of refinement. I get the impression that Folse's musical intentions are not matched by his physical conducting capabilities. As a result, the SSO doesn't quite fully respond to him; hence, refinement is limited.

The second movement was similar - long, with moments of grace and sweetness (Folse should perhaps also try Mozart's 39th or 40th, or even Beethoven's "Pastoral"). But again, the movement turned out much more "Andante" than "con moto", and between someone in the audience sighing in boredom and another who actually yawned aloud, I felt bored to death by a fine performance.


The Tchaikovsky did not escape this long drawn-out style. Nevertheless, the first movement is fairly well-done, though potentially tiring. What is rather unexceptable was the flat but bright tone of the SSO strings, often turning metallic and colourless. Tchaikovsky's darkest symphony should be intense, dark and delirious. Worse, Folse's phrasing borders on over-deliberation, the Romantic architecture becoming almost Classical, and the contrasts within the music made too stark. The SSO lacked weight at the top range of the music - including in terms of dynamics. I didn't hear much of the famous "fortissississimo". Forte bits were more "sharp"-sounding than weighty.

Tchaikovsky Unfortunately, the push-pull pulse of the 5/4 rhythm in the Allegro con grazia was not exploited. The SSO could have "swung" this delicious waltz more, and their feel for the triplet in the main theme was non-existent. Basically, this movement (like the Poco allegretto of Brahms's Third) has an ungraspable ebb-and-flow rhythm which to me always makes a good test of the conductor. I'm afraid to say that Folse didn't quite pass. It is a pity, for again the beautiful quiet moments suggest very strongly that the SSO-Folse partnership has potential.

The wild march of the third movement was undercut by the muffled lower brass, as they were seated at stage-level. Their usual platforms had been removed to draw attention to the useless row of orchids prettifying the pipe organ ledge (a solo Swiss effort, if you get my meaning). Anyway, the main fault of this movement was simply a lack of power at the wildest points. The string swirling (before the march bursts out in full) so characteristic of Tchaikovsky was reduced to a mere eddy, the woodwind behind the strings barely audible. Even the tuba had trouble being heard. To compound this, I think the timpani was out of tune, thudding flatly to the end. This gave me the idea that this "triumphant" movement can perhaps be interpreted as a carnivalesque march - jubilant to the point of insanity.

All the more then the utter misery of the Adagio lamentoso. Except that instead of continuing straight into this finale, Folse took a break to wipe off perspiration. Bbut I can't really blame that, perspiration can be a big hindrance to conductors. Nevertheless, to me, the pause disrupted the musical atmosphere and unity. By the time the SSO started again, the stark contrast between the two movements were gone. Anyway, the strings were richer sounding now, the SSO playing with (at last) some measure of palpable angst. But now, the brilliance of the string tone robbed again the doom-laden darkness of the movement. We needed a Russian sound. For me, the ending was a total disaster - NOT the fault of the SSO - but some idiot behind me who chose to pack up her plastic bags and drop her programme booklet noisily on the floor as the celli and basses breathed their very last chord. I rolled my eyes in utter disgust. Overall, this "Pathétique" lacks unity. It has its elegant moments but not much feeling. Too many of the music's seams were made too obvious.

Bart Folse For an encore, Folse (left) chose the Intermezzo from Sibelius' Karelia Suite. Again, very daring I must say! You'd expect the Orchestra to be too tired by now to handle the near-minimalist string parts and the brassy march. Still, I found the horns, handling the faraway calls (and those last high notes as the procession marches away) well. But other than this, the trumpets lacked tonal and rhythmic focus (which makes the whole thing lack focus) and the oom-pah of the trombones were submerged behind the strings, again.

All in all, Folse conducts with much sincerity, despite an apparently limited range of conducting "gestures". His perspiration-drenched and red-faced appearance after the concert at least shows he is trying very hard. Besides this, he should also be complimented for his, so far, very interesting programming. Maybe it's just an insignificant point, but I noticed every piece, including the encore (but not the Schweizer thing, which I don't care to say any more about), begins and ends quietly. Not exactly "Symphonic Splendour" though.

Chia Han-Leon enjoys cheddar cheese, not too salty.

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283: 9.9.98. up.12.9.98

Readers' Comments


From: Jenny (ttonk@rocketmail.com / Sunday, September 20, 1998 at 20:33:36)

Just want to mention that it is well known that calfskin timpani are notorious to handle in the humid climate of the tropics. The pitch can change quite dramatically beyond the control of a timpanist, especially for any one who has been playing on plastic heads for so long. But when in tune, calfskin heads are more superior. I attended a Phildelphia Orch concert last Nov in US and the timpanist drew a fantastic sound out of his calfskin timpani (in spite of a boring repertoire). Simply magnificent. Another thing: I noticed there were tons of dirt on the SSO new timpani on closeup encounter. Their presence certainly do not help.

From: Cynthia Niles-Rumford III (ckgisarat@yahoo.com / Thursday, June 26, 2003 at 22:27:11)

To learn more about Sri Chinmoy go to "Emancipated From Sri Chinmoy" at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/EmancipatedfromSriChinmoy/ The other website that will give you a well rounded perspective is www.gurusrichinmoy.com The truth will set you free

From: Cynthia Niles-Rumford III (ckgisarat@yahoo.com / Thursday, June 26, 2003 at 22:27:30)

To learn more about Sri Chinmoy go to "Emancipated From Sri Chinmoy" at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/EmancipatedfromSriChinmoy/ The other website that will give you a well rounded perspective is www.gurusrichinmoy.com The truth will set you free

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